Debate is a method of interactive and representational argument. Debate is a broader form of argument than deductive reasoning, which only examines whether a conclusion is a consequence of premisses, and factual argument, which only examines what is or isn't the case, or rhetoric, which is a technique of persuasion. Though logical consistency, factual accuracy and some degree of emotional appeal to the audience are important elements of the art of persuasion, in debating, one side often prevails over the other side by presenting a superior "context" and/or framework of the issue, which is far more subtle and strategic. The outcome of a debate depends upon consensus or some formal way of reaching a resolution, rather than the objective facts as such. In a formal debating contest, there are rules for participants to discuss and decide on differences, within a framework defining how they will interact.
Debating is commonly carried out in many assemblies of various types to discuss matters and to make resolutions about action to be taken, often by a vote. Deliberative bodies such as parliaments, legislative assemblies, and meetings of all sorts engage in debates. In particular, in parliamentary democracies a legislature debates and decides on new laws. Formal debates between candidates for elected office, such as the leaders debates and the U.S. presidential election debates, are sometimes held in democracies. Debating is also carried out for educational and recreational purposes, usually associated with educational establishments. The major goal of the study of debate as a method or art is to develop the ability to debate rationally from either position with equal ease.
Although informal debate is a common occurrence, the quality and depth of a debate improves with knowledge and skill of its participants as debaters. The outcome of a contest may be decided by audience vote, by judges, or by some combination of the two.
Debating is commonly carried out in many assemblies of various types to discuss matters and to make resolutions about action to be taken, often by a vote. Deliberative bodies such as parliaments, legislative assemblies, and meetings of all sorts engage in debates. In particular, in parliamentary democracies a legislature debates and decides on new laws. Formal debates between candidates for elected office, such as the leaders debates and the U.S. presidential election debates, are sometimes held in democracies. Debating is also carried out for educational and recreational purposes, usually associated with educational establishments. The major goal of the study of debate as a method or art is to develop the ability to debate rationally from either position with equal ease.
Although informal debate is a common occurrence, the quality and depth of a debate improves with knowledge and skill of its participants as debaters. The outcome of a contest may be decided by audience vote, by judges, or by some combination of the two.
Here are some others Ideas about Debate,
"I may be wrong and you may be right and, by an effort, we may get nearer the truth."
Karl Popper
Debate is a formal contest of argumentation between two teams or
individuals. More broadly, and more importantly, debate is an essential
tool for developing and maintaining democracy and open societies. More
than a mere verbal or performance skill, debate embodies the ideals of
reasoned argument, tolerance for divergent points of view and rigorous
self-examination. Debate is, above all, a way for those who hold
opposing views to discuss controversial issues without descending to
insult, emotional appeals or personal bias. A key trademark of debate is
that it rarely ends in agreement, but rather allows for a robust
analysis of the question at hand. Perhaps this is what French
philosopher Joseph Joubert meant when he said: “It is better to debate a
question without settling it, than to settle a question without
debating it.”
The Karl Popper Debate Format
At the secondary school level, IDEA debaters follow the Karl Popper
debate format, which places students in two teams of three members.
Teams are presented with a 'resolution', such as “Economic development
should be valued above protection of the environment” or “Human genetic
engineering is immoral". The team affirming the resolution speaks first.
The opposing team then must refute the arguments offered by the
affirming team and offer arguments rejecting the resolution. Both sides
are given the opportunity to present their positions and to directly
question the opposing team. Neutral judges - usually parents or teachers
- evaluate the persuasiveness of the arguments and offer constructive
feedback on such elements as faulty logic, insufficient evidence and
arguments debaters may have overlooked. Debate teams are judged strictly
on the merits of their arguments.
Debate and Democracy
Debate is not a forum for asserting absolute truths, but rather a
means of making and evaluating arguments that allows debaters to better
understand their own and others’ positions. This sense of a shared
journey toward the truth brings debaters closer together, even when they
represent opposing sides of an issue or come from vastly different
cultures or social classes. In so doing, debate fosters the essential
democratic values of free and open discussion.
Elaborated by Ahmad Syukur, S.Pd
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